When Hannibal was 17 years old, however, his father was killed in an ambush in Spain, which was primarily under the rule of the North African empire. Hamilcar counted them one after another with the tip of his finger; then he hid his face in a saffron-coloured veil, and, falling on his knees, stretched himself on the ground with both arms extended. Hamilcar was a common Punic name; in fact, another general of the same name preceded him in command. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247BC to 241BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. Rome, which had dealt with Carthage with all due honor and courtesy during the crisis, going as far as to release all Punic prisoners without ransom and refuse to accept offers from Utica and Rebels mercenaries based in Sardinia to incorporate these territories into the Roman domain, seized Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay 1,200 talents for her initial refusal to renounce her claim over the islands. Punic Mercenaries stationed in Sardinia had rebelled in 239 BC, besieged Boaster and all Carthaginians in a citadel and later executed them after the fort fell. [17] During one of the raids, when troops under a subordinate commander named Bodostor engaged in plunder against the orders of Hamilcar and suffered severe casualties when the Romans caught up to them, Hamilcar requested a truce to bury his dead. Rome suspected Carthage of aiding the natives, and had sent embassies to Carthage in 236, 235, 233 and 230 BC to accuse and threaten the Punic state. By 247, when Hamilcar took charge in Sicily, Carthage had lost to Rome all of its Sicilian possessions except Lilybaeum (now Marsala) and Drepanum (now Trapani). Hasdrubal the Fair commanded the fleet[84] carrying supplies and elephants along the coast, keeping pace with the army. Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. Whatever direct territorial control Carthage had had in the past in Iberia,[98] this had been mostly lost by this time as Hamilcar was "re-establishing Carthaginian authority in Iberia". Hamilcar Barca 275-228 BC In respect of individual courage the Romans were far superior, but the general who must be acknowledged as the greatest on either side, both in daring and in genius, was Hamilcar, surnamed Barca. The Iberians had support from Celtiberian tribes and were under the command of two chieftains, Istolatios and his brother. Carthaginians may have taken control of the mining operations and introduced new technologies to increase production. He fights with a sword and shield, which could mean he fights as either a Murmillo, Thraex, or Samnite. This coin is the best representation of Hannibal. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Monolito Amilcar Elche Sierra.jpg 640 480; 43 KB. The rebels requested Rome to take over Sardinia, which was turned down. Hamilcar killed his prisoners and announced a policy of equal measure toward future rebel prisoners, thus ending any chance of desertion from the rebel army and the truceless war began in earnest. They managed to take over all Punic territories in Sardinia. [31] He removed the population to Drepana. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. 2 Although before his arrival the Carthaginians were faring badly by land, and sea, wherever he was present in person he never yielded . Training for the army was obtained in some Numidian forays, then Hamilcar marched the army westwards to the Pillars of Hercules. According to Cornelius Nepot, "he provided the whole of Africa with horses, weapons, and money". There, after several skirmishes, Hamilcar cornered the enemy at 'the Saw' (Prion), a ridge in the Libyan mountains. Byk komutan Hannibal'n babas. The traditional historiography up to the 80's interpreted the Carthaginian policy on the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the VI century BC as basically one of imperial domination directed at replacing the Phoenician presence by direct Carthaginian control. The name Hamilcar (PunicPhoenician mlqrt, brother of Melqart) was a common name for Carth Hamilcar's first priority, probably, was to ensure that the war indemnity was paid regularly so the Romans had no excuse to interfere in Carthaginian affairs. A History of Hamilcar: Akre Leuca, Dream City of Hamilcar Barca- Part II. Envoys were sent to Hamilcar demanding an explanation. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 01 June 2016. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. [71] Carthage now began to fit out an expedition to recover Sardinia, with Hamilcar commanding Punic forces. Furthermore, Hamilcar had invited Hanno the Great to join forces and try to end the rebellion as quickly as possible, but the generals failed to cooperate. Hamilcar spent nine years in Spain. 116117, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, p135-36, Lazenby, J.F, The First Punic War, p. 175. Jul 9, 2012. Hamilcar Barca / ( hmlk bk, hmlk) / noun died ?228 bc, Carthaginian general; father of Hannibal. America's Black dilemma Four years of constant campaigns, details of which are not known, saw Hamilcar subdue the area between Gades and Cape Nao. However, if Hamilcar had hoped to recapture Panormus, he failed in his strategy. Nothing had come of these supposed episodes and some scholars doubt their authenticity. One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, [43], Lutatius did not have the authority to ratify the agreement he made with Hamilcar, so he forwarded them to the Comitia Centuriata in Rome. Since the coins male image is shown in the way Apollo, the Roman and Greek sun god, was depicted, indicates that he wasnt a common warrior riding a war elephant, but he was a high ranking military commander. For at a time when some say Hannibal was black and others that he was white, De Sousa tells us (and other ancient Iberian historians agree) that Hamilcar Barca had taken a Lusitanian woman as bride and had children by her. This is the second and most important cause of the. The coins do not resemble each other. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). According to one line of thought,[60] the Carthaginian army order of march had the War Elephants leading the column, with the light troops and cavalry behind the elephants. [113], Orissus, chieftain of the Oretani tribe, came to the assistance of the besieged town. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. All his family members were employed in the army and made major contributions to . The war started to improve for Carthage when they were aided by Rome, who repatriated captured Carthaginian soldiers for free, and the tyrant of Syracuse Hiero, who feared that without Carthage then Rome might act at will in the central Mediterranean. Hamilcar's other two sons were Hasdrubal Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco, both of whom commanded during the Second Punic War. Hamilcar now had an army of 12,000 and 70 elephants with which to face the rebels. He makes his first appearance when the series' events shift to Relic's Point, overseeing the research and . Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. Hanno, accustomed to fighting Libyans and Numidians, did not anticipate any further trouble and left his army for Utica. In the process, Hamilcar created a professional army of Iberians, Africans, Numidians and other mercenaries that Hasdrubal the Fair would inherit and Hannibal would later lead across the Alps to immortality. Education. Valens reckless failure in diplomacy and battle with the goths sent the Western Roman empire down the path to hell. Hamilcar Barca Conquers Iberia Hamilcar Barca had received much of the blame for causing the Truceless War, owing to the unrealistic promises he made to his troops while leading Carthaginian forces in Sicily. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. [106] Hamilcar now had the means to pay for his mercenary army and also to ship silver ore to Carthage to help pay off the war indemnity. Autaritus spread the rumor that Carthaginian prisoners led by Gisco were plotting to escape. Hamilcar ( Punic: , MLK) [1] was a general who succeeded to the command of the Carthaginians in the First Punic War. Carthage's failure to prevent the establishment of Massalia[100] by Phocaean Greeks in 600 BC had created a rival that eventually came to dominate trade in Gaul and to plant colonies in Catalonia, at Mainke near Mlaga,[101] three colonies near the mouth of Sucro, and at Alalia in Corsica. World History Encyclopedia. Through brilliant maneuvering, Hamilcar inflicted a heavy defeat on the rebel forces, leading to the killing of 8,000 mercenaries and the capturing of 2,000 men. Eryx (Monte San Giuliano),[30] from which he was able to lend support to the besieged garrison in the neighbouring town of Drepanum (Trapani). Completed Exodus Transitional Program. According to Polybius and Livy, Hannibal's father Hamilcar Barca made the 9-year-old Hannibal dip his hand in blood and swear an oath of hatred against Rome. Shop paperbacks, eBooks, and more! Discover Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General by Charles River Editors and millions of other books available at Barnes & Noble. Lance Serge states that Hamilcar's family was part of the landed aristocracy of Carthage. In expanding his power to the European continent, Hamilcar reinvigorated the Carthaginian empire, regained needed resources, and prepared a base for renewing war against Rome, which his son Hannibal would famously do in the Second Punic War. Hamilcar Barca was recalled from Sicily and he joined Hanno the Great, who had made significant conquests in Libya while Hamilcar had been in Sicily, to quash the rebellion. The Romans responded by blockading Hamilcar, but he seems to have been able to break out regularly and continue his guerrilla tactics. In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. Amlcar Barca [1] (ca. Having secured control over the mines, and the river routes of Guadalquiver and Guadalete giving access to the mining area, Gades began to mint silver coins from 237 BC. [103] Negotiations with the "Tartessian" tribes were successfully concluded, but Hamilcar faced hostility from the Turdetani or Turduli tribe, near the foothills of modern Seville and Crdoba. The relations between Carthage and the Iberian Peninsula have mainly been viewed from the perspective of military domination. Although the Carthaginians were a mixed population, the Carthaginian military was dominated by Numidians, which was a mixture of a black Africans, Nubians, and Berber extract that lived among the Carthaginians and who were prevalent in Egypt, Morocco, Algeria and elsewhere throughout North Africa. History Themes. Hamilcar Barca (ca. 285-c. 229 B.C.) Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. See also Hamilcar Barca on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica disclaimer . The success of Hamilcar and his family in Spain, which rebuilt Carthaginian finances and created a standing army, giving Carthage the means to resist Rome. Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. Carthage often hauled defeated generals and admirals before the Tribunal of 100 and had them crucified, so Hamilcar probably distanced himself from the possibility of prosecution if the Roman terms turned out to be harsh enough for Carthaginian authorities to seek a scapegoat. Hannibal Barca was a renowned general and statesman. But the rebels would sally out from their camp at Tunis and approach the city walls to cause terror inside the city. If evidence in the urban structure of Castelo Branco and the city walls with their arches confirms its Carthaginian . Newest results. Hamilcar probably fought an inconclusive battle at Drepanum,[22] but there is cause to doubt this.[24]. Seizing upon Carthages weakness, Rome took the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, and, when an enraged Hamilcar moved to respond, Rome increased the amount of the Carthaginian indemnity. [11] It was to be seven years before Rome again attempted to field a substantial fleet.[12][13]. Neither side should make war on the other's allies, or seek to change their allegiance by allying with them directly or interfering with their internal affairs. barak "lightning"), Carthaginian general and statesman, father of Hannibal, was born soon after 270 B.C. He was one of the greatest military commanders in history. He may have been responsible for creating the strategy which his son Hannibal implemented in the Second Punic War to bring the Roman Republic close to defeat. When this was done in an ancient-history classroom at the University of Pennsylvania, Prof. William C. McDermott responded: "Yes, Hannibal was as black as King David." The great Carthaginian was. Hamilcar, upon taking command in the summer of 247 BC,[21] punished the rebellious mercenaries (who had revolted because of overdue payments) by murdering some of them at night and drowning the rest at sea,[22] and dismissing many to different parts of northern Africa. Hamilcar Barca (ca. Hannibal's father, Hamilcar Barca, general of the Carthaginian mercenaries, was infuriated about the western Mediterranean losses of Sicily and Sardinia. World History Encyclopedia. Sicily. Roman forces led by the consuls Marcus Otacilius Crassus and Marcaus Fabius Licinus achieved little against Hamilcar in 246 BC, and the consuls of 245 BC, Marcus Fabius Bueto and Atilius Bulbus, fared no better. Hamilcar Barca ( #89-A-8926 ) < Previous Employment Profile Next Employment Profile > Employment; Skills. Hamilcar retired to Africa after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. He made no attempt to join Hanno near Utica. Hanno sailed to Utica in the spring of 241 BC, obtained siege equipment from the city and overran the rebel camp, the rebels fleeing before the charging Punic elephants. America's Black dilemma [Barca, Hamilcar] on Amazon.com. Hamirukaru Barukasu) (also: Hamical Balcus, Hamilcar Valkus) known as Barcas 'The Elder' (, Barukasu ), he is one of the main antagonists of Guyver: Bioboosted Armour and the co-founder of Chronos, the third eldest member of theCouncil of Twelve, as well as Chronos's most brilliant scientist. [64] In response, Hamilcar began to harass the rebel supply lines and soon the rebels were placed in a state of siege. However, as the rebels had no navy, Carthage could draw supplies from the sea and so did not face the threat of starvation. Hamilcar died in battle, most likely drowning in the Jucar River while besieging a place called Helice and trying to escape from a Celtiberian army. The Carthaginians needed to gain the far side of the Bagradas, so they could manoeuvre freely, but lacked the strength to force a crossing against the superior rebel force guarding against this. The Carthaginian state was led by the landed aristocracy at the time, and they preferred to expand across northern Africa instead of pursuing an aggressive policy in Sicily. Media in category "Hamilcar Barca". After the trapped rebels ran out of food, pack animals and cavalry horses and finally resorted to cannibalism, Spendius, Autaritus and Zarzas, accompanied by seven others, went to Hamilcar's camp to seek terms. [16] As a result, Hamilcar was given a fairly small army and the Carthaginian fleet was gradually withdrawn; Carthage put most of its ships into reserve to save money and free up manpower,[12][13] so by 242 BC, Carthage had no ships to speak of in Sicily.[17]. Hannibal whose full name is Chenu Bechola Barca was an intelligent warrior of Carthaginian . Thank you! Elsewhere, things did not go so well. Hamilcar offered to allow all the rebels to depart freely with a single garment, but retained the right to detain 10 persons. [25] On his return he seized a strong position on Mount Ercte (Monte Pellegrino, just north of Palermo or Mt. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. Cartwright, M. (2016, June 01). It was probably some distance from Carthage because, while Hamilcar blockaded the valley exits and waited for the rebels to starve, Matho's army at Tunis did not intervene although the trapped rebels held out awaiting his arrival. Hamilcar first raided the Italian coast at Bruttium in 247 BCE, perhaps in search of booty to pay his mercenaries, and then landed on Sicily at Heircte near Panormus (Palermo). Hamilcar Barca, vel Barcas ( Punice , a barak, 'fulgur') (natus 270 a.C.n. Some of Hamilcars anger at Rome was transferred to his son Hannibal, whoaccording to Polybius and Livyswore eternal enmity against Rome. Rebels opposing this were stoned and Gisco and his fellow prisoners were tortured to death. [72] This probably dealt a fatal blow to any chance of permanent peace between Rome and Carthage[73] and is one of the causes of the Second Punic War and held as the motivation of the subsequent military and political activities of Hamilcar.[74]. He fought a series of successful battles until he reached (but did not destroy) the city of Rome. The answer was Spain. Hamilcar Barca is a legendary purple general in Evony The King's Return. Hamilcar Barca. ; mortuus anno 228 a.C.n. Carthage faced a joint rebellion of mercenary troops, understandably upset at not having been paid for their efforts in the first Punic War, Libyan groups seizing the opportunity of a weakened Carthage to rebel, and several cities looking for independence such as Tunis and Utica. [110] Massalia, probably alarmed by the Carthaginian advance towards their area of influence, mentioned this expansion to the Romans, who decided to investigate the matter. Legend tells that he founded the port of Barcino (deriving its name from the Barca family), which was later adopted and used by the Roman Empire and is, today, the city of Barcelona.
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