Hydrocephalus has a variety of causes including: Hydrocephalus is believed to occur in approximately one to two of every 1,000 live births. See more. Hydrocephalus comes from two Greek words: hydros means water and cephalus means head. There are a few general rules about how they combine. In order to properly spell and pronounce medical terms, it is helpful to learn the suffixes. [44][45], External hydrocephalus is a condition generally seen in infants which involves enlarged fluid spaces or subarachnoid spaces around the outside of the brain. There are three different types of hydrocephalus. [6] Description of hydrocephalus by Hippocrates dates back more than 2,000 years. Combined, prefixes and suffixes are called affixes, or simply additions to a root word. [52], Standardized protocols for inserting cerebral shunts have been shown to reduce shunt infections. Another medical sign, in infants, is a characteristic fixed downward gaze with whites of the eyes showing above the iris, as though the infant were trying to examine its own lower eyelids. [12][13], Hakim's triad of gait instability, urinary incontinence, and dementia is a relatively typical manifestation of the distinct entity normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Where are prefixes found in a medical term? Medical prefix: A prefix employed in medical terminology. Transient SNHL has been reported after the loss of CSF with shunt surgeries. However, data on hydrocephalus disease burden in adults are lacking. Therefore, the reduced CSF pressure could cause a decrease in Perilymphatic pressure and cause secondary endolymphatic hydrops. Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. For example, the prefix un- ( or u-n) can mean "not," "remove," or . Bailey, Regina. . 25 terms. "Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: Cephal-, Cephalo-." [7], The clinical presentation of hydrocephalus varies with chronicity. For the creature in American folklore, see, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, "Normal_Pressure_Hydrocephalus_Hakim-Adams_Syndrome_Clinical_Symptoms_Diagnosis_and_Treatment", "Brain Herniation: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments", "Congenital Hydrocephalus - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics", "Congenital syphilis: A guide to diagnosis and management", "What You Should Know About Macrocephaly", "Acquired Hydrocephalus | Conditions & Treatments | UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital", "Hydrocephalus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology", "Ventricles of the Brain: Overview, Gross Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy", "Communicating and Non-communicating Hydrocephalus | Helpful", "The influence of coughing on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in an in vitro syringomyelia model with spinal subarachnoid space stenosis", "Endoscopic management of hypertensive intraventricular haemorrhage with obstructive hydrocephalus", "Hearing loss and cerebrospinal fluid pressure: case report and review of the literature", "Hydrocephalus: Causes, symptoms, and treatments", "An American surgeon pioneers surgery for kids in Uganda that helps kids in the US", "Hydrocephalus and shunts: what the neurologist should know", "Neurosurgery for Hydrocephalus Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy", "Subdural Hematomas in the Elderly: The Great Neurological Imitator | 2000-03-01 | AHC Media: Continuing Medical Education Publishing | Relias Media - Continuing Medical Education Publishing", "External hydrocephalus: A probable cause for subdural hematoma in infancy | Request PDF", "Delayed diagnosis of shunt overdrainage following functional hemispherotomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in a hemimegalencephaly patient", "Continuous, noninvasive wireless monitoring of flow of cerebrospinal fluid through shunts in patients with hydrocephalus", "A standardized protocol to reduce cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network Quality Improvement Initiative", "Route of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of cerebrospinal fluid-shunt infection", "Man with Almost No Brain Has Led Normal Life", "Identifying classes of persons with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning: a latent class analysis", "Man Lives Normal Life Despite Having Abnormal Brain", "Oilers forward Colby Cave dies after suffering brain bleed", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrocephalus&oldid=1130887134, Varies throughout the world, from 1 per 256 live births to 1 per 9,000, depending on access to prenatal health care, prenatal tests, and abortion, Changes in personality, memory, or the ability to reason or think, Changes in facial appearance and eye spacing (craniofacial disproportion), Crossed eyes or uncontrolled eye movements, Obstruction to CSF flow hinders its free passage through the ventricular system and. With increased levels of CSF, there have been cases of hearing loss due to CSF creating pressure on the auditory pathways or disrupting the communication of inner ear fluid. [25], Hydrocephalus can be classified into communicating and noncommunicating (obstructive). That is, they are word parts that attach to the beginning or end of a word or word base (a word stripped down to its simplest form) to produce a related word or an inflectional form of a word. Many prefixes that you find in medical terms are common to English language prefixes. Hearing aids - Wearable electronic devices that process and amplify the sound based on an individual's hearing What is a prefix and suffix in medical terminology? Causes Root: central part of a word. Hydrocephalus definition, an accumulation of serous fluid within the cranium, especially in infancy, due to obstruction of the movement of cerebrospinal fluid, often causing great enlargement of the head; water on the brain. Students also viewed. Many Prefixes can have the same meaning such as 'in' 'im' 'un' all these prefixes mean 'opposite of' or 'not'. They may reach puberty earlier than the average child (this is called precocious puberty). A suffix is a team of words which are placed after a root word, and like prefixes can create new words. 42 Park Rd., Peterborough, PE1 2UQ. Acute dilatation of the ventricular system is more likely to manifest with the nonspecific signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Imaging studies and a good medical history can help to differentiate external hydrocephalus from subdural hemorrhages or symptomatic chronic extra-axial fluid collections which are accompanied by vomiting, headaches, and seizures. 1. A . [8][9], Symptoms of increased ICP may include headaches, vomiting, nausea, papilledema, sleepiness, or coma. Prefixes and suffixes are both kinds of affixes. 910 Rear Broadway, Saugus, MA 01906. Word parts and definitions from Appendix A: Word Parts and What They Mean by MedlinePlus and is under public domain. Simple Product The causes are usually genetic, but can also be acquired and usually occur within the first few months of life, which include intraventricular matrix hemorrhages in premature infants, infections, type II Arnold-Chiari malformation, aqueduct atresia and stenosis, and Dandy-Walker malformation. A severe inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli (tiny air sacs) are filled with fluid (National Cancer Institute, n.d.). In the most common variety, reduced absorption occurs when one or more passages connecting the ventricles become blocked. california department of corrections records archives; gouldian finches for sale sunshine coast; social membership at belmont country club; habet dental clinic belize Hydrocephalus is the result of an imbalance between the formation and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Think impossible, impregnable, incapable, inconceivable. Mis- and mal- mean wrong or bad and are sometimes used for negation. Dante The Opera Artists; Dante Virtual Opera; Divine Comedy; About IOT. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital brain malformation is often possible, offering the option of family planning. Both forms can be either congenital or acquired. Some risk exists of infection being introduced into the brain through these shunts, however, and the shunts must be replaced as the person grows. A shunt system can also be placed in the lumbar space of the spine and have the CSF redirected to the peritoneal cavity (lumbar-peritoneal shunt). In infants whose skull bones have not yet fused, the intracranial pressure is partly relieved by expansion of the skull, so that symptoms may not be as dramatic. They never change the part of speech. Symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus include, Imaging studiesx ray, computed tomography scan (CT scan), ultrasound, and especially. Papilledema is absent, but vision may be reduced. When you add a prefix to a word, you shouldn't change the spelling of the original word or the prefix. It is important to spell and pronounce suffixes correctly. [39] In addition to the increased hearing loss, there have also been findings of resolved hearing loss after ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, where there is a release of CSF pressure on the auditory pathways. Old English wter, from Proto-Germanic *watr- (source also of Old Saxon watar, Old Frisian wetir, Dutch water, Old High German wazzar, German Wasser, Old Norse vatn, Gothic wato "water"), from PIE *wod-or, suffixed form of root *wed- (1) "water; wet.". Entries linking to hydrocephalus water (n.1) Access up-to-date medical information for less than $1 a week The first (preserved in Sanskrit apah as well as Punjab and julep) was "animate," referring to water as a living force; the latter referred to it as an inanimate substance. Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain. arthr- + -o- + -logy = arthrology ), but generally, the -o- is dropped when connecting to a vowel-stem (e.g. [1], About one to two per 1,000 newborns have hydrocephalus. Like the suffix, 'er' when added to any word will denote the action performed by the person. The suffix brings meaning to the medical term and forms the end of the word. As with the prefixes these suffixes can be used for other body systems, but this article focuses on the cardiovascular system. "If something happens very slowly over quite some time, maybe over decades, the different parts of the brain take up functions that would normally be done by the part that is pushed to the side. Enjoying Taber's Medical Dictionary? Prefixes can, for example, create a new word opposite in meaning to the word the prefix is attached to. The shunt failure rate is also relatively high (of the 40,000 surgeries performed annually to treat hydrocephalus, only 30% are a person's first surgery) and people not uncommonly have multiple shunt revisions within their lifetimes. Below, I am listing them for your better understanding. hydrocephalus (n.) "accumulation of fluid in the cranial cavity, 'water on the brain,'" 1660s, medical Latin, from Greek hydro- "water" (see water (n.1)) + kephal "head" (see cephalo- ). Webster s Third New International Dictionary is now online visit www.Merriam-WebsterUnabridged.com for a 14-day free trial. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. The four types of hydrocephalus are communicating, noncommunicating, ex vacuo, and normal pressure. The list below shows common prefixes in English that you should know. The excess fluid increases the size of the ventricles and puts pressure on the brain. [29], Communicating hydrocephalus, also known as nonobstructive hydrocephalus, is caused by impaired CSF reabsorption in the absence of any obstruction of CSF flow between the ventricles and subarachnoid space. Mastering common prefixes and suffixes is like learning a code. Adagio Overview; Examples (videos) Basic Rules for Suffix and Prefix. Adagio Overview; Examples (videos) This variety is called "communicating hydrocephalus.". Medical terminology meanings can be changed by suffixes. In some cases of non-communicating hydrocephalus, a direct connection can be made between one of the ventricles and the subarachnoid space, allowing drainage without a shunt. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The resolution campaign is due in part to the advocacy work of the Pediatric Hydrocephalus Foundation. A syllable word or group of syllables added to the beginning of a word. "[64][65][66], This article is about the medical condition. Her work has been featured in "Kaplan AP Biology" and "The Internet for Cellular and Molecular Biologists. a condition caused by enlargement of the cranium caused by abnormal accumulation of. [12], In infants with hydrocephalus, CSF builds up in the central nervous system (CNS), causing the fontanelle (soft spot) to bulge and the head to be larger than expected. This may be due to functional impairment of the arachnoidal granulations (also called arachnoid granulations or Pacchioni's granulations), which are located along the superior sagittal sinus, and is the site of CSF reabsorption back into the venous system. Among these building blocks are the prefixes. This squeezes and distorts them. when i was 10 days old i was sick and there was a need for surgery in which they put in my head a shunt .i would like to know the connection between VP Shunt and pregnancy.is it dangerous?do u know about women that have shunt and were pregnant? This increased pressure pushes aside the soft tissues of the brain. Diastole 3. ThoughtCo, Jul. Understanding a few prefix examples will help you understand the logic of new words and use them appropriately. Bulging of the fontanelles, or the soft spots between the skull bones, may also be an early sign. [36], The elevated ICP may cause compression of the brain, leading to brain damage and other complications. A prefix is a group of letters placed before the root of a word. If this happens, the CSF begins to accumulate again and a number of physical symptoms develop (headaches, nausea, vomiting, photophobia/light sensitivity), some extremely serious, such as seizures. Medical terminology is composed of a prefix, root word, and suffix: Prefix: A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning. [1] This may require replacement. This type of hydrocephalus is called "noncommunicating." http://www.asbah.demon.co.uk. A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a word that changes the words meaning. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. While prefix is attached at the start of the word, suffix gets attached at the end of the word. Hysteropexy. Both of these types lead to an elevation of the CSF pressure within the brain. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. It's a great place to start if you're interested in adding a regularly scheduled word parts practice to your daily teaching agenda. A prefix is a letter or a group of letters attached to the beginning of a word (or word root) that partly indicates its meaning. 270 winchester load data sierra Facebook; edwyn collins a girl like you Twitter; sony jobs near illinois Google+; evergreen state college ranking . Identify the structure from the following description: Heart chambers that pump blood through the aortic and pulmonic valves. Compare them to the examples of use in medical terms. [1] Without treatment, death or permanent disability may occur. Learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. Medical terminology is composed of a prefix, root word, and suffix: Prefix: A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning. Commonly, they are used in words to make derivatives. [55], The hydrocephalus disease burden are concentrated in the developing world while North America and Canada has the least number of cases. hospitals. Super Easy Tips to Learn Medical Terminology. A prefix is a group of letters (or an affix) that's added to the beginning of a word. For individuals with normal pressure hydrocephalus, approximately half will benefit by the installation of a shunt. Signs and symptoms of elevated-pressure hydrocephalus include: Irritability is the most common sign of hydrocephalus in infants. List of Suffix: 50+ Most Common Suffixes with Meaning and Examples. Some drugs may postpone the need for surgery by inhibiting the production of CSF. Hydrocephalus is the buildup of fluid in the cavities (ventricles) deep within the brain. Older people may have headaches, double vision, poor balance, urinary incontinence, personality changes, or mental impairment. Deciphering terms by learning basic Latin components (root, suffix, prefix). Suffixes are not always explicitly stated in the definition of a word. Common word starts and endings to help work out those long medical terms. Suffixes are placed at the end of a word root or word part to modify or vary the meaning. HyFI1@netscape.net. Distinguish suffixes that deal with procedures. [5] Normal pressure hydrocephalus is estimated to affect about 5 per 100,000 people, with rates increasing with age. Examples of prefixes used in medicine include: alb-: Prefix from the Latin root for the color white, albus. As in albino and albinism. A third type of hydrocephalus, called "normal pressure hydrocephalus," is marked by ventricle enlargement without an apparent increase in CSF pressure. ", Words Beginning With(Cephal-) or (Cephalo-), Words With(-cephal-), (-cephalic), (-cephalus), or (-cephaly). Suffixes are word components that appear at the end of words. Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: dactyl-, -dactyl, Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: Derm- or -Dermis, Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: glyco-, gluco-, Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: -Phile, -Philic, Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: Aer- or Aero-, Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: -plasm, plasmo-, Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: staphylo-, staphyl-, Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: -troph or -trophy, Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: Ex- or Exo-, A.S., Nursing, Chattahoochee Technical College. Define the following. Those with hydrocephalus at birth do better than those with later onset due to meningitis. In July 2007, at age 44, he went to a hospital due to mild weakness in his left leg. In the long term, some people will need any of various types of cerebral shunt. Related: Hydrocephalic; hydrocephalous. The incidence of adult onset hydrocephalus is not known. Other drugs that are used to delay surgery include glycerol, digoxin, and isosorbide. Medical Definition of Pro-. [10] Elevated ICP of different etiologies have been linked to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). [11] Hearing loss is a rare but well-known sequela of procedures resulting in CSF loss. A prefix is a group of letters which we add to the beginning of a word to make a new word with a different meaning. For example, let us consider the words redone, nonviolent and unmoved. Learning disabilities, including short-term memory loss, are common among those with hydrocephalus, who tend to score better on verbal IQ than on performance IQ, which is thought to reflect the distribution of nerve damage to the brain. Medical words are often put together, cobbled from two or more building blocks. This is a list of roots, suffixes, and prefixes used in medical terminology, their meanings, and their etymologies.Most of them are combining forms in New Latin and hence international scientific vocabulary. Among these building blocks are the prefixes. This process also results in damage to these tissues. The cranial bones fuse by the end of the third year of life. 82 Prefixes and Suffixes The English language contains an enormous and ever-growing number of words. Prefixes, Suffixes, and Combining Forms from Webster s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged 2002. Children more commonly live with undeveloped brain tissue and consequential intellectual disabilities and restrictions. In 1881, a few years after the landmark study of Retzius and Key, Carl Wernicke pioneered sterile ventricular puncture and external drainage of CSF for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Compression of the nervous tissue usually results in irreversible brain damage. A systematic review in 2019 estimated that there are 180,000 childhood hydrocephalus cases from African continent alone per year, followed by 90,000 cases from Southeast Asia and Western Pacific. In a person without hydrocephalus, CSF continuously circulates through the brain, its ventricles and the spinal cord and is continuously drained away into the circulatory system. Dante The Opera Artists; Dante Virtual Opera; Divine Comedy; About IOT. Home; Dante Opera. [41] An alternative treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus in selected people is the endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), whereby a surgically created opening in the floor of the third ventricle allows the CSF to flow directly to the basal cisterns, thereby shortcutting any obstruction, as in aqueductal stenosis. Suffix: The ending part of a word that modifies the meaning of the word. 10. Scroll. Besides the common mistake, these prefixes also introduce the words misaligned, misfit, malformed, and malfunction. A CT scan may or may not show any change in ventricle size, particularly if the person has a history of slit-like ventricles. Prefixes are located at the beginning of a medical term. The most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus is aqueductal stenosis, which occurs when the narrow passage between the third and fourth ventricles in the brain is blocked or too narrow to allow sufficient cerebral spinal fluid to drain. There is no known way to prevent hydrocephalus. hydrocephalus prefix and suffixmartin et julien bouchet biathlon. The symptoms depend on the cause of the blockage, the person's age, and how much brain tissue has been damaged by the swelling. [30], Noncommunicating hydrocephalus, or obstructive hydrocephalus, is caused by an obstruction to the flow of CSF. Once formed, CSF usually circulates among all the ventricles before it is absorbed and returned to the circulatory system. Chapter 15 Homework, Med Term. Do you know the difference between the prefixes. Focal neurological deficits may also occur, such as abducens nerve palsy and vertical gaze palsy (Parinaud syndrome due to compression of the quadrigeminal plate, where the neural centers coordinating the conjugated vertical eye movement are located). Word History: Today's Good Word is made up of two Greek words, agora "market place" and phob-os "fear" + the noun suffix -ia. was one of the earliest appearances of the . Various neurologic conditions may result in communicating hydrocephalus, including subarachnoid/intraventricular hemorrhage, meningitis, and congenital absence of arachnoid villi. Want to create or adapt books like this? 29, 2021, thoughtco.com/biology-prefixes-and-suffixes-cephal-cephalo-373670. Initially, all were represented by lowercase symbols. Understand the difference between a prefix and a suffix. By contrast, chronic dilatation (especially in the elderly population) may have a more insidious onset presenting, for instance, with Hakim's triad (Adams' triad). Someone with hydrocephalus may have coordination and visual problems, or clumsiness. [1] Complications from shunts may include overdrainage, underdrainage, mechanical failure, infection, or obstruction. [50], Following placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt there have been cases of a decrease in post-surgery hearing. [37][38] The cochlear aqueduct connects the Perilymphatic space of the inner ear with the subarachnoid space of the posterior cranial fossa. A Dictionary of. Word Part. By then, brain tissue is undeveloped and neurosurgery is rare and difficult. Medical prefix: A prefix employed in medical terminology. Hydrocephalus is an abnormal expansion of cavities (ventricles) within the brain that is caused by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid. A procedure that uses a proctoscope to look inside the anus and rectum (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Surgery to remove part or all of the prostate and some of the tissue around it (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Tissue with a single layer of irregularly shaped cells that give the appearance of more than one layer (Betts et al., 2013), A medical doctor who specializes in neuroscience and diagnoses and treats mental disorders (Betts et al., 2013), Radioactive isotopes (Betts et al., 2013), The outer region of the kidney, between the renal capsule and the renal medulla (Betts et al., 2013), A disease that causes deterioration of the retinas of the eyes (Betts et al., 2013), A thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the inside of the nose (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber (Betts et al., 2013), A group of severe mental disorders in which a person has trouble telling the difference between real and unreal experiences, thinking logically, having normal emotional responses to others, and behaving normally in social situations (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Examination of the lower colon using a sigmoidoscope, inserted into the rectum (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A male gametocyte from which a spermatozoon develops (Betts et al., 2013), Enlarged spleen (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A condition in which the heart valves become rigid and may calcify over time (Betts et al., 2013), The only bony articulation between the pectoral girdle of the upper limb and the axial skeleton (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A chamber located within the upper human torso which contains the heart and lungs (Betts et al., 2013), A class of drugs that can help speed up the degradation of an abnormal clot (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of the thyroid gland (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A smooth muscle that bridges the gap between the free ends of C-shaped cartilages at the posterior border of the trachea (Betts et al., 2013), A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating diseases of the urinary organs in females and the urinary and reproductive organs in males (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Pertaining to the vagina (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Distended, twisted veins (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of blood vessels (Betts et al., 2013), The two major systemic veins (Betts et al., 2013), A green pigment that captures the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis (National Library of Medicine, 2021), Composed of DNA and proteins; the condensed form of chromatin (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the oxygen supply is restricted, causing the skin to look blue (Betts et al., 2013), Pigment that gives the hair and skin its color (Betts et al., 2013), A procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The record of the heart's function produced by the electrocardiograph (Betts et al., 2013), The energy matter possesses because of its motion (Betts et al., 2013), An excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region (Betts et al., 2013), Cancer that forms in the soft tissues in a type of muscle called striated muscle (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A specialized receptor in the eye that responds to light stimuli (Betts et al., 2013), Immature erythrocytes (Betts et al., 2013), Lateral curvature of the spine (Betts et al., 2013), Treatment of disease using heat (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Moves the bone away from the midline (Betts et al., 2013), Moves the bone toward the midline (Betts et al., 2013), Having to do with the time a female is pregnant, before birth occurs; also called prenatal (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The surgical removal of the prepuce (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the number of neutrophils in the blood goes in cycles from normal to low and back to normal again (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A net loss of water that results in insufficient water in blood and other tissues (Betts et al., 2013), The process of identifying a disease, condition, or injury from its signs and symptoms (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A gland whose secretions leave through a duct that opens directly, or indirectly, to the external environment (Betts et al., 2013), A ductless gland that releases secretions directly into surrounding tissues and fluids (Betts et al., 2013), The outer, protective layer of the skin (Betts et al., 2013), Exhalation, or the process of causing air to leave the lungs (Betts et al., 2013), Located below the zygomatic arch and deep to the ramus of the mandible (Betts et al., 2013), Extracellular fluid not contained within blood vessels (Betts et al., 2013), The fluid interior of the cell (Betts et al., 2013), The middle germ layer in the embryo (Betts et al., 2013), The sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions that take place in the body (Betts et al., 2013), Small structures located on the posterior thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Betts et al., 2013), A doctor who has special training in identifying diseases by studying cells and tissues under a microscope (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Membrane that separates the heart from other mediastinal structures; consists of two distinct, fused sublayers: the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium (Betts et al., 2013), The period of approximately 6 weeks immediately following childbirth (Betts et al., 2013), A term used to describe a condition that may (or is likely to) become cancer (Betts et al., 2013), Located behind the peritoneum (Betts et al., 2013), The layer of skin directly below the dermis (Betts et al., 2013), A position above or higher than another part of the body proper (Betts et al., 2013), The upper part of the larynx (voice box), including the epiglottis (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A set of symptoms or conditions that occur together and suggest the presence of a certain disease or an increased chance of developing the disease (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Absorbed through the unbroken skin (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Muscles with two origins (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the heart beats slower than 50 beats per minute (Betts et al., 2013), A cell containing two matched sets of chromosomes (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which one side of the body or a part of one side is larger than the other (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Made up of elements or ingredients that are not alike (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A term that describes having two identical versions of the same gene (Betts et al., 2013), Abnormally high blood pressure (Betts et al., 2013), Blood pressure goes below the homeostatic set point when standing (Betts et al., 2013), Having the same intensity as another object (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A large cell derived from a monocyte; they participate in innate immune responses (Betts et al., 2013), Smaller than most of the other glial cells; they ingest and digest cells or pathogens that cause disease (Betts et al., 2013), A type of immune cell that is made in the bone marrow (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Below-average production of urine (Betts et al., 2013), Excessive urine production (Betts et al., 2013), A group of four muscles located on the anterior (front) thigh (Betts et al., 2013), The generic name for the the openings that lead to the pulmonary trunk and aorta (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the resting rate is above 100 bpm (Betts et al., 2013), A congenital heart condition comprised of four defects (Betts et al., 2013), The three-headed muscle that extends the forearm (Betts et al., 2013), A word part added to the end of a word that changes the meaning of the word root, Having to do with the heart (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A type of immature white blood cell that forms in the bone marrow (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Chest pain (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Of or pertaining to the esophagus (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Failure of the lung to expand (inflate) completely (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A group of related disorders in which there is the inadequate production of functional amounts of one or more clotting factors (Betts et al., 2013), A chronic disease of the skin marked by red patches covered with white scales (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland (Betts et al., 2013), Chronic inflammation of the synovial joints (Betts et al., 2013), Pertaining to the body's ability to mount an overwhelming immune response against a pathogen so that it cannot produce disease (Betts et al., 2013), Sheets of cells that cover the exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and form certain glands; also known as epithelial tissue (Betts et al., 2013), Causing the breakdown of bone (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A softening of adult bones due to Vitamin D deficiency (Betts et al., 2013), A disorder that results in the growth of bones in the face, hands, and feet in response to excessive levels of growth hormone in individuals who have stopped growing (Betts et al., 2013), A membrane layer of the CNS that resembles a spider web (Betts et al., 2013), A type of cancer that begins in the cells that line blood vessels or lymph vessels (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue found outside the uterus (Betts et al., 2013), Having to do with water (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Disease or swelling of the lymph nodes (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A condition in which there is an insufficient number of platelets (Betts et al., 2013), Difficulty swallowing (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Loss of language function (Betts et al., 2013), Abnormal growth due to the production of cells (Betts et al., 2013), Paralysis on one side of the body (Betts et al., 2013), A chronic disorder characterized by the cessation of breathing during sleep (Betts et al., 2013), The process by which the body produces blood (Betts et al., 2013), Programmed cell death (Betts et al., 2013), Frequent and watery bowel movements (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The generalized loss of compliance; "hardening of the arteries" (Betts et al., 2013), A serious condition that occurs when there is an extremely low number of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the blood (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things (Betts et al., 2013), The enlargement of muscles (Betts et al., 2013), The absence of urine production (Betts et al., 2013), Removal of fluid from the pleural cavity through a needle inserted between the ribs (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A medical procedure that uses chemicals or drugs to cause inflammation and adhesion between the layers of the pleura to prevent buildup of fluid (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The surgical procedure to remove all or part of a breast (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The instrument that generates an electrocardiogram (ECG); 10 electrodes are placed in standard locations on the patient's skin to record heart function (Betts et al., 2013), A procedure that uses high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) to look at tissues and organs inside the chest (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A blood pressure cuff attached to a measuring device (Betts et al., 2013), The removal of cells or tissues for examination by a pathologist (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), An opening into the colon from the outside of the body (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A surgical incision made in the wall of the abdomen (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A procedure in which one or both ovaries and fallopian tubes are separated from the uterus and attached to the wall of the abdomen (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A procedure used to repair a bone in the spine that has a break caused by cancer, osteoporosis, or trauma (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A thin, tube-like instrument used to look at tissues inside the body (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the inside of the body (National Cancer Institute, n.d.).
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