Anthony M. Giacomoni is with the University of Minnesota. return true; parameters.send_to = exactmetrics_frontend.ua; These switches are convenient for driving LEDs, relays, and motors. 2, pp. These Powered Equipment related Standard/Safe Operating Procedures have clear step-by-step instructions for carrying out work activities and are ideal for businesses looking to improve their safety systems. For over 30 years more electrical power professionals have used this guide for safe, economical system operation than any other in print. Unique "super-cooled" power generation for continuous 120F operation; Command & Control Center continuously monitors system and optimizes overall performance; Meets/exceeds NFPA 1901 requirements; Ease of Operation. f.hitCallback(); Smart Power Systems began making hydraulic generators for the fire industry in 1995. Any telecommunication link that is even partially outside the control of the organization that owns and operates power plants, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, or energy management systems (EMSs) represents a potentially insecure pathway into the business operations of the company as well as a threat to the grid itself. Initial systems were open-framed basic systems ranging from 5.5kW to 10kW. This may mean putting telecommunication protectorsprimary (voltage) or secondary (power-cross) at each end of a campus-run communication conductor where there exist an exposure to lightning or to accidental contact with electric power conductors. Email was arguably the killer app that most enabled the propagation of high-speed internet. var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); Likewise, other product applicable safety modules, such as requirements for outdoor equipment, can serve as supplements or overlays to the base meter standard in this case. window[disableStrs[index]] = true; Safe Operation of Photovoltaic Systems with High-Voltage Isolation Amplifiers Protecting Personnel and Equipment For solar plant operators the challenge is finding the perfect balance between achieving the highest possible energy yield at the lowest cost but without compromising safety, reliability and efficiency. __gaTracker.create = newtracker; Next Step: After completing this course, consider taking other courses in the Power Systems Engineering certificate program to continue learning. The devices, in turn, process the information based on consumers learned wishes and power accordingly. The award winning IEEE Power & Energy Magazine is a bimonthly publication of the IEEE Power & Energy Society. A 2008 survey by the Computer Security Institute and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation of data compiled from 522 computer security practitioners and senior executives of U.S. corporations, government agencies, financial and medical institutions, and universities reported that within a 12-month period, 59% of the respondents experienced an attack from a virus, 29% reported unauthorized use of computer services, and 44% reported insider abuse. if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { For outdoor applications, suitably housing the batteries in an outdoor enclosure that, if equipped with lead-acid batteries, is well ventilated in accordance with IEC 60950-22 to prevent the accumulation of explosive gases. 'page_path': arguments[2], As plug-in electric vehicles replace gasoline-only burning vehicles on the market, parking lots will need to be equipped with outdoor charging stations. The potential exists to create an electricity system that provides the same efficiency, precision, and interconnectivity as the billions of microprocessors that it will power. 2022 Same Page Publishing. [5], SAFETY OF UTILITY-OWNED SMART-GRID EQUIPMENT, As is the case today, we would expect safety of utility-owned smart-grid equipment located within the power generation or transmission circuits, up to and including the service conductors to the customers buildings to continue to be evaluated for safety in accordance with basic utility-safety standards or Codes. } While the direct physical destruction of generators, substations, or power lines may be the most obvious strategy for causing blackouts, activities that compromise the operation of sensors, communications, and control systems by spoofing, jamming, or sending improper commands could also disrupt the system, cause blackouts, and in some cases result in physical damage to key system components. The Smart Power System is available in two sizes: SPS-600 (600W . All of these infrastructures are complex networksgeographically dispersed, nonlinear, and interacting both among themselves and with their human owners, operators, and users (see Figure 1). display: inline !important; 'title': 'page_title', */ IEC 60950-22 for Outdoor Information Technology and Communication Circuits, As both IEC 60950-1 and IEC 62368-1 standards reference IEC 60950-22 as a supplemental standard for equipment installed outdoors. __gaTracker.getAll = function () { } lightweight hockey balls. return null; OTHER SAFETY CONCERNS LOCAL POWER GENERATION New technologies called Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) sample voltage and current many times per second at a given location, providing a snapshot of the power System at work. Power industry experts look to the smart grid in much the same manner as computer and telecommunications experts looked at the advent of the internet, or information superhighway less than a generation ago. All rights reserved. 'value': arguments[5] ? Advanced metering infrastructure (of which smart meters are a generic name for any utility side device even if it is more capable e.g. Much work remains to be done, however, to create standards that, when implemented, will adequately protect the grid from cyberattacks. In addition to the physical threats to such centers and the communication links that flow in and out of them, one must be concerned about two other factors: the reliability of the operators within the centers and the possibility that insecure code has been added to a program in a center computer. 'ga-disable-UA-3983727-10', 1/10/2023 - 3/11/2023extensioncanvas.ucsd.eduYou will have access to your course materials on the published start date OR 1 business day after your enrollment is confirmed if you enroll on or after the published start date. All rights reserved. 'timingCategory': 'event_category', __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); safe operation of a smart power system. We witnessed the significance of proper operation planning on March 20, 2015, during the total solar . The implementation of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is widely seen as one of the first steps in the digitization of the electric grids control systems. Colombia, for example, has faced up to 200 terrorist attacks per year on its transmission infrastructure over the last 11 years, as reported in a recent IEEE Power & Energy Magazine article by Corredor and Ruiz. if (! 2011. 7577, May/June 2009. Investment in a smart grid would nearly pay for itself by reducing stupendous outage costs, a savings of US$49 billion per year, and improving energy efficiency, a savings of US$20.4 billion per year. 2nd Conf. The century-old power grid is the largest interconnected machine on earth. The machine will turn on. Rochester, The adjunct to the magazine is the monthly PES eNews Update. __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); IEC 60950-22, Edition 1.0, 2005-10, Information Technology Equipment Safety- Part 22: Equipment to be Installed Outdoors, International Electrotechnical Commission. Creating Custom Bells; Guardian Bells. Smart Substations: substations are included monitoring and control non-critical and critical operational data such as power status, power factor performance, breaker, security, transformer status, etc. Electrical power systems are found in nearly every building type, including residential, commercial, industrial, water, wastewater, chemical, oil/gas and military installations. Fast switchover. }); The existing power delivery system is vulnerable to both natural disasters and intentional attack. In fact, its primary feature is to automatically gather information on variations in operating conditions and parameters such as voltage and consumption for different nodes connected to the grid. In April 2009, The Wall Street Journal reported that cyber spies had infiltrated the U.S. electric grid and left behind software that could be used to disrupt the system. A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operation and energy measures including: . if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { try { 'eventValue': 'event_value', return null; parameters = {}; Reduced peak demand, which will also help lower electricity rates. These include the Complex Interactive Networks/Systems Initiative (CIN/SI), a joint program sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD); EPRIs Enterprise Information Security (EIS) program; EPRIs post9/11 Infrastructure Security Initiative (ISI); and various North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) initiatives, such as its information sharing and analysis centers (ISACs), public key infrastructure (PKI), and spare equipment database. } }; Data on terrorist attacks on the worlds electricity sector from 19942004 from the Oklahoma-based Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism show that transmission systems are by far the most common target in terms of the total number of physical attacks. document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; (a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(e=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(c(e.twemoji),c(e.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); It uses the three-block model for pain and injury from the energy source to the person, with the middle block covering the safeguarding necessary to prevent or limit the harmful energy to a person. [3]. Often vulnerabilities are not the result of a single mistake or configuration error but of numerous latent organizational conditions, such as management support and decisions made by designers that combine to create scenarios in which failures and weaknesses may occur. Several such incidents in the United States have been publicly reported during the last 30 years, including saboteurs operating in the Pacific Northwest and those using power lines and transformers for target practice on the East Coast. With diminished transmission and generation capacity and with dramatic increases in interregional bulk power transfers and the diversity of transactions, the electric power grid is being used in ways for which it was not originally designed. 2004. A successful terrorist attempt to disrupt the power delivery system could have adverse effects on national security, the economy, and the lives of every citizen. 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