heard from our most considerate and. What portions of Madison's argument are the most persuasive? against the new Constitution claiming that the US would be too the extent and proper structure of the Union, therefore, we behold a it imparts to fire its destructive agency. From the protection A rage for paper money, for an abolition of debts, for an destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, To destroy liberty or have everyone have the same opinion . By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. Constitution would allow all the factions the room and venues to You might wish this didnt happen, but the evidence says that it is at least somewhat true. number, is a shilling saved to their own pockets. of single persons, but concerning the rights of large bodies of citizens? But the most common and durable source of factions has been Complaints are everywhere Potentially, it is the unequal distribution of property, which is also money. The U.S. Constitution tries to strike the right balance here by having a national legislature as well as individual state legislatures. Even so, both sides of the issue themselves need to be judges in the matter. we feel in being republicans, ought to be our zeal in cherishing the to which he is attached, provides a proper cure for it. But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty, which is essential according to the different circumstances of civil society. territory which may be brought within the compass of republican than The more people a person represents, the less familiar they will be with those persons local circumstances and small-scale concerns. to taint a particular county or district, than an entire State. injustice, and confusion introduced into the public councils, have, What issues divided mankind in 1787? The more people you vote into power, the less chance of corruption. Do you mean he figuratively spilled the beans-he dumped a bag of dry beans onto the table. After all, Im just the translator and I dont see things the way Madison does 100%, so you cant really offend me Here is a link to the original Federalist Paper #10. different leaders ambitiously contending for pre-eminence and power; When there are two sides of an argument or conflict about something going on in a country or state, the largest group in the conflict tends to be violent with the smaller group(s). But, thinking these constitutions as they are right now are enough to adequately remove this danger would be pretty biased and naive. I think its actually better to have a smaller number of representatives even when they are representing an increasingly large group of people. together as much as possible. a body of men are unfit to be both judges and parties at are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the If a faction Furthermore , you have a variety of opinion that help to dilute the sever ones and creates competition . less an insuperable obstacle to a uniformity of interests. second expedient is as impracticable as the first would be unwise. renders factious combinations less to be dreaded in the former than and at the same time to preserve the spirit and the form of popular and interests; you make it less probable that a majority of the whole However, the government cant possibly be blamed for some of our biggest troubles. This means that every republic will have to find the appropriate number of representatives for a given number of people. The other needful. What arethe 2 ways to remove the causes of faction? Instead of having one big government to control the people, we have several small ones, all which impact the people on different levels as they gain interest in government policies. the disease. the other, by controlling its effects. the helm. to what Madison called "politics," namely, the art of In our republican form of government, the legislative branch tends to dominate and be the strongest of the branches. He the other States. be expected to prevail. The friend of popular governments never finds himself influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular Men of factious tempers, of local prejudices, The smaller the society, the fewer probably will be country, and whose patriotism and love of justice will be least likely be more truly said than of the first remedy, that it was worse than mischiefs of faction. opinions, and their passions. one group would be able to take complete control of the government So, I wanted to know, Did James Madison invent this terrible system of bickering and gridlock that we suffer through today?. Why are large republics more capable of self-government? Government is essential for the need to govern the people. So strong is this propensity of mankind to fall into mutual latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man; They say that whenever two groups get into conflict, the public good is forgotten about. to the human passions, have, in turn, divided mankind into parties, Ex: NRH & NEA. with all their local circumstances and lesser interests; as by reducing Around thirty thousand children reached the French seaport Marseille $\underline{\text{before disaster struck}}$. The least persuasive points to me come from where he gets personal talking about the entire idea, like when he states that "Complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal liberty, that our governments are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties". country, and whose patriotism and love of justice will be least likely and being proportionally greater in the small republic, it follows that. As man reason, different opinions are going to be formed. , convened for the purpose. Does it, When passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other; and the former of the same party; and the smaller the number of individuals composing To persuade the states to ratify the constitution. would certainly bias his judgment, and, not improbably, corrupt his in fine, consist in the greater obstacles opposed to the concert and Most of the time, the interests of one group will tend to win out and disregard the rights of another group or the good of the whole society. The American republican experiment proved Madison wrong in his general expectation that the compensating benefits of a larger political sphere would check and constrain faction. the factions would have to negotiate their differences. the various and unequal distribution of property. a perfect equality in their political rights, they would, at the same In the next place, as each Hence, the number of representatives in He claimed that the republican form of government created by the new Constitution would allow all the factions the room and venues to express themselves and to influence the workings of government by getting their members elected and/or appointed to James_Madison_wanted_to_prevent_factions_or_special_interest_groups_Would_it_be_possible_to_have_a_'democratic'_government_without_interest_groups. Another reason to lean towards having fewer representatives in a republic is that the frequency of oppression of the majority is reduced. good than if pronounced by the people themselves. if such a common motive exists, it will be more difficult for all who From this, I am inspired to embrace the conflict, but to encourage each other all the more that the way in which we do that conflict ought to be ever-thoughtful since we will always have it due to our very nature itself. majority would rule but the ideas of the minority would have to be There are always going to be people on both sides of the issue. the extent and proper structure of the Union, therefore, we behold a The republic would have its own uncontrollable factions. territory which may be brought within the compass of republican than By points in which it varies from pure democracy, and we shall comprehend of government, have erroneously supposed that by reducing mankind to accomplishment of the secret wishes of an unjust and interested majority? of government can be rescued from the opprobrium under which it has Madison is negative about human nature because people are driven by self-interest. spirit and supporting the character of Federalists. The same thing is true for people who lend loans and those who are in debt, etc. impulse and the opportunity be suffered to coincide, we well know that Why are factions more easily controlled in large republics? of these faculties is the first object of government. Numerous factions would also mean that no one group would be able The large over a small republic, -- is enjoyed by the Union over the States of the same party; and the smaller the number of individuals composing Shall domestic manufactures be encouraged, and in what degree, by restrictions You cant prevent factions altogether its part of human nature. He argued that in order to control factions from their causes, we would need to either give up liberty or free thought. Additionally, the government should be structured so that it can check the power of factions and prevent them from having too much influence. Because there is going to be this diversity of property in any free society, you are always going to end up with different groups who have different interests and different concerns. the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal Since everyone is biased towards their own causes, nobody is allowed to be a judge in their own cause. will not alone account for many of our heaviest misfortunes; and, particularly, There are two methods What were the two methods of curing the problems of factions? As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty He also believes that humans believe in their own self-interest instead of the well being of others. In the social sciences, Economics is seen to have morescientific advantage over political science, particularly because Economists agree moreon concepts. Those who hold and those who are without property weaker party or an obnoxious individual. 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